How to find the number of RAM Slots in LinuxnixCraft
Sometimes Linux sysadmins or developers need to determine the number of RAM slots on their servers or desktop/laptop without opening the case. Then, it is helpful to upgrade or install new RAM. Let us...
View ArticleHow to find and replace ALL IP addresses with a new onenixCraft
At a certain point, I needed to change the VLAN IP address such as 172.0.0.2 with 172.0.0.1 for ease of use. As you know, Linux and Unix-like operating system stores all IP addresses and config in...
View ArticleHow to change hostname on Debian 10 LinuxnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} How do I change the hostname of a Debian Linux 10 'Buster' operating system permanently using the command line tools?The post How to change hostname on Debian 10 Linux appeared first on...
View ArticleHow to upgrade Debian 10 to Debian 11 Bullseye using the CLInixCraft
I have Debian 10.10 installed on the AWS EC2 and Linode server. How do I upgrade Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye using the apt command or apt-get command safely? How can I upgrade Debian 10 to...
View Articlecat command in Linux / Unix with ExamplesnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} I am a new Linux and Unix system user. How do I use cat command on Linux or Unix-like operating systems? Can you provide basic examples and syntax usage for cat command?The post cat command...
View ArticleHow to disable core dumps in Linux including systemdnixCraft
Core dumps created for diagnosing and debugging errors in Linux apps. They are also known as memory dump, crash dump, system dump, or ABEND dump. However, core dumps may contain sensitive info—for...
View ArticleFreeBSD bhyve, OpenSSL, GEOM & libfetch security fixes releasednixCraft
All supported versions of FreeBSD are affected by various security bugs that need to be applied ASAP. For example, a memory corruption bug exists in the bhyve hypervisor. Another overwrite the stack of...
View ArticleHow to switch boot target to text or GUI in systemd LinuxnixCraft
Most modern Linux distro uses systemd as init replacement. It is a suite of basic building blocks for Linux distros such as RHEL/CentOS & co, OpenSUSE/SUSE, Fedora, Arch, Debian, Ubuntu, and more....
View ArticleHow to set up Mariadb Galera cluster on Ubuntu or Debian LinuxOpensource Flare✨
{nixCraft Patreon supporters content}This guide explains how to set up MariaDB high-availability cluster for the database using the Galera library, which provides a virtual mater-to-master three-node...
View ArticleHow To Put Multi-Line Comment in Shell ScriptnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} This page describes various methods developers and sysadmin can use to put a multi-Line comment in shell script (bash/ksh) running on a Unix or Linux box.The post How To Put Multi-Line...
View ArticleHow to Set or Change Hostname in Amazon Linux EC2 InstancenixCraft
I am a new Amazon Linux 2 EC2 instance user. My EC2 name was set to 'ip-172-26-7-134' during instance creation. But now, I would like to change the EC2 hostname to 'stats1'. Can you tell me how do I...
View ArticleHow to see grep output in color with highlighting featurenixCraft Updated...
{Updated} The grep command is the de facto tool for searching text files. However, finding the requested text in the search results can be difficult when there are too many matches. So how do you grep...
View ArticleLinux Execute Cron Job After System RebootnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} crontab is the program used to install, deinstall, or list the tables used to drive the cron daemon in Vixie Cron. You can run a cron job after Linux or Unix system rebooted. Handy for tasks...
View ArticleHow to install Docker on Amazon Linux 2nixCraft
How do I install docker and docker-compose using the yum command on Amazon Linux 2 running on the EC2 or Lightsail cloud instance?Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp -...
View ArticleHow to use htmlq to extract content from HTML files on Linux, macOS or...
Most of us use love and use the jq command. It works on Linux or Unix-like systems to extract data from JSON documents. Recently I found htmlq, which is like jq and written in Rust lang. Imagine being...
View ArticleHow To Find OpenSuse / SUSE Linux Version Using CLInixCraft Updated...
{Updated} How do I find out my Suse Linux / OpenSuse Linux / Suse Enterprise Linux server/desktop version using the command line options? What is the command to find out OpenSUSE Linux version?The post...
View ArticleHow to list all installed packages on OpenSUSE/SUSE LinuxnixCraft
So you want to see a list of all packages installed on your SUSE Linux or OpenSUSE Linux system? Try these simple tips for listing all packages.Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn -...
View ArticleHow to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3 using the CLInixCraft
The most advanced OpenSUSE version is 15.3 and is an opportunity for both desktop and server users on the previous 15.2 release to update OpenSUSE Linux to get the newest software stack. It is easy to...
View ArticleA podman tutorial for beginners – part IOpensource Flare✨
{nixCraft Patreon supporters content}This guide explains how to build and deploy applications quickly with Podman to the cloud server of your choice. All examples in this tutorial are tested on Fedora...
View ArticleHow do I list lxc snapshots for LXD on Linux?nixCraft
I explained a long time ago how to take LXD instance snapshots using the lxc command. Today I will talk about how to list lxc snapshots and automatically purge those snapshots from LXD to free up disk...
View ArticleHow to generate WireGuard QR code on Linux for mobilenixCraft
I have written about setting up the WireGuard server on Linux. I have written about setting up the WireGuard server on Linux. Today, I will share a tip that allows creating QR codes for WireGuard VPN...
View ArticleHow to install FFmpeg with NVIDIA GPU acceleration on LinuxnixCraft
The ffmpeg is free and open-source video converter software for Linux and Unix-like systems. However, on Ubuntu/Debian Linux and other distros, NVIDIA hardware-based encoding is disabled at compile...
View ArticleHow to protect Linux against rogue USB devices using USBGuardOpensource Flare✨
{nixCraft Patreon supporters content}You deployed a perfect firewall and other network security policies preventing unauthorized access to the user's desktop computer over a network. However, you still...
View ArticlemacOS Terminal: -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale...
{Updated} Learn how to fix warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory on macOS or OX terminal.The post macOS Terminal: -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE:...
View ArticleHow to find the NVIDIA cuda versionnixCraft
I need to find out the CUDA version installed on Linux. How do I know what version of CUDA I have?Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - RedditThe post How to find the...
View ArticleHow to display all NAT IPTables rules on LinuxnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} How do I see all the rules in NAT tables under CentOS / RHEL / Debian / Ubuntu Linux based server?The post How to display all NAT IPTables rules on Linux appeared first on nixCraft.
View ArticleHow to check ZFS File system storage pool on Linux/UnixnixCraft
First, there is no fsck command for ZFS, which Linux and Unix use for file system repair. However, ZFS comes with a scrub option. This subcommand is a root-initiated dynamic consistency check. It runs...
View ArticleHow to install OpenSSH server on Alpine Linux (including Docker)nixCraft
This quick tutorial explains how to install and set up OpenSSH (SSHD) server and client on the Alpine Linux system. Further, you will learn how to build a Docker Linux container running sshd server...
View ArticleHow to check SHA1 hash on Linux, FreeBSD and UnixnixCraft
This quick tutorial explains How to check the SHA1 hash of a file on Linux, FreeBSD, and Unix-like systems using the sha1sum or sha1 command.Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn -...
View ArticleIf your domain is not sending email, set these DNS settings to avoid spoofing...
{nixCraft Patreon supporters content}As you may know, email spoofing allows attackers to pose as someone else to gain illegal profit. For example, I only use webmaster@cyberciti.biz for communication,...
View ArticleHow To Save The Output Of A Linux/Unix Command To A FilenixCraft Updated...
{Updated} When you want to have both stderr and stdout displayed on the terminal and in a file use this syntax on your Linux or Unix/macOS/BSD:cmd 2>&1 &vert tee filewhois ip-address...
View ArticleHow do I copy a file to the clipboard in Linux?nixCraft
We all know we can use the xclip Linux command-line interface to X selections, aka clipboard. The xclip command to copy any Linux command output to the Linux clipboard directly. For example, the...
View Article10 Linux commands to know the systemnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} Here are 10 Linux command to know the system and increase your productivity quickly.The post 10 Linux commands to know the system appeared first on nixCraft.
View ArticleHow to compress the whole directory using xz and tarnixCraft
The xz command on Linux, macOS, *BSD, and Unix-like systems offer excellent compression. It will outperform zip and other formats when we use xz with tar for maximum reduction in size. For instance, I...
View ArticleHow can I check my CPU in FreeBSD?nixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} How do I get more information about CPU under FreeBSD operating systems such as CPU Speed and model using the command-line options?The post How can I check my CPU in FreeBSD? appeared first...
View ArticleHow to install PHP 7.2/7.3/7.4 or 8.0 on Amazon Linux 2nixCraft
While working with an application, I needed PHP 7.4 and 8.0 on Amazon Linux 2 EC2 and Lightsail instance. Here is how to install PHP version 7.2/7.3/7.4 or 8.0 on Amazon Linux 2 using the yum...
View ArticleHow to install KVM server on Debian 9/10 Headless ServernixCraft Updated...
{Updated} Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a virtualization module for the Linux kernel that turns it into a hypervisor. How can I install KVM with bridged networking, setup guest operating system...
View ArticleHow to migrate from CentOS 8 to CentOS stream conversionnixCraft
As you know, CentOS 8 is ending soon. Red Hat is making the shift from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. CentOS stream places itself between Fedora Linux and RHEL. It is not 100% RHEL clone but ahead of RHEL...
View ArticleLinux check the physical health of a USB stick [ Flash drive ]nixCraft...
{Updated} This page explains how to check the health status of a USB stick in Linux and obtain status so that you know if it is beyond repair or not.The post Linux check the physical health of a USB...
View ArticleWget Command in Linux with ExamplesnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} This page explains how to use the wget command with valuable examples and comprehensive explanations of the most common options to become a pro-CLI user.The post Wget Command in Linux with...
View ArticleHow much does a Linux desktop OS cost?nixCraft
Let us say you want to support Linux and buy an actual Linux desktop OS like you buy Windows desktop operating system from the market. How much would it cost price-wise, and what would you get in...
View ArticleBash For Loop Array: Iterate Through Array ValuesnixCraft Updated...
{Updated} How do I use bash for loop to iterate thought array values under UNIX / Linux operating systems? How can I loop through an array of strings in Bash?The post Bash For Loop Array: Iterate...
View ArticleHow to migrate from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux (conversion)nixCraft
I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. Now, I am migrating Linode VM from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux 8. The server runs a very simple workload that includes PHP 8.1, MariaDB...
View ArticleBash Shell: Find Out If a Variable Is Set or NotnixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} How do I show an error when a shell variable such as $1 is not set and exit with an error?The post Bash Shell: Find Out If a Variable Is Set or Not appeared first on nixCraft.
View ArticleHow to tell and force Composer to use a specific PHP version such as 7.x or...
I have multiple versions of PHP installed on my development VM. I am migrating all my projects from PHP 7.x to 8.x and testing it. However, this leads to specific problems. For example, my production...
View ArticleUnix / Linux: Maximum Character Length of Arguments In a Shell...
{Updated} How do I find out the maximum length of arguments for a new process under Linux or Unix like operating systems?The post Unix / Linux: Maximum Character Length of Arguments In a Shell Command...
View ArticleHow to configure static IP Address on FreeBSDnixCraft
This page explains setting up a static IP address on the FreeBSD Unix system using the command-line options.Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - RedditThe post How to...
View ArticleHow To Reverse a String In Unix / Linux Shell?nixCraft Updated Tutorials/Posts
{Updated} How do I reverse lines of a file or files under Linux or Unix like operating systems?The post How To Reverse a String In Unix / Linux Shell? appeared first on nixCraft.
View ArticleHow to install memcached on OpenSUSE / SUSE LinuxnixCraft
While working with the client's system, I noticed that the database would come under load due to increased demand. After reviewing the code, the developer and I conclude that something like memcached...
View ArticleHow to migrate from CentOS 8 to AlmaLinux (conversion)nixCraft
I already wrote about migrating from CentOS 8 to CentOS Stream. I also have a guide about migrating from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux. Today, I am working on another side project with my partner, and I...
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